Frequency of MDR and XDR Strains and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates in Sari Hospitals, Iran

Background and purpose: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing worldwide, causing significant clinical problems. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of clinical A. baumannii isolated from different different wards in Sari hospitals. Materials and methods: This study was performed on 100 clinical A. baumannii isolated from Sari hospitals, north of Iran, 2018. The clinical isolates were identified by biochemical tests, while identification of the blaOXA-51 gene was performed by PCR for the final confirmation of the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined by the disk agar diffusion method. Data were analyzed in SPSS applying Chi-square test. Results: Among 100 clinical isolates of A. baumannii, the lowest resistance rate (75%) was detected against imipenem, while the highest resistance rate (100%) was observed against ciprofloxacin. Resistance rates to meropenem, doripenem, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin, piperacillin/ tazobactam, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were 97, 96, 93, 93, 76, 92, 86, 78, and 92%, respectively. In this study, the highest and lowest cases of MDR and XDR isolates were found in urine and blood samples, respectively, while the highest and lowest cases of MDR and XDR in terms of hospital departments were found in ICU and surgery, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of multidrug resistant isolates, using antibiogram prior to antibiotic administration and proper use of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii should be seriously considered.